In the Quran, the obligation of ablution (wudu) and ritual bath (ghusl) is mentioned in several verses. Here are some key Quranic references regarding ablution and ritual bath:
Ablution (Wudu):
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَٱغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْمَرَافِقِ وَٱمْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكَعْبَيْنِۚ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُبًا فَٱطَّهَّرُواۚ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَآءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلْغَآئِطِ أَوْ لَٰمَسْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَٱمْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُۚ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
"O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful." Quran (5:6)
This verse outlines the basic requirements for ablution before performing the ritual prayer (salah). It includes washing specific parts of the body, such as the face, forearms, head, and feet.
Ritual Bath (Ghusl):
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا۟ لَا تَقْرَبُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأَنتُمْ سُكَٰرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا۟ مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِى سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا۟ ۚ
Quran : 4:43 "O you who have believed do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]..."
This verse mentions the requirement of performing ritual bath (ghusl) in certain situations, such as after sexual intercourse (janabah). Ghusl involves washing the entire body with water in a specific manner to purify oneself before prayer or other acts of worship.
These Quranic verses provide guidance to Muslims regarding the importance of ablution and ritual bath in maintaining spiritual purity and preparing for acts of worship. They emphasize the significance of cleanliness and purification in Islam and highlight the practical aspects of religious practice as outlined in the Quran.